Pulsed electron holography

Pulsed electron holography

Ferroelectric electron holography.

Ferroelectrics are increasingly important as materials in semiconductor technology, e.g. for building non-volatile memory chips. For optimisation of the properties of such devices, there is an urgent need for methods, which analyse the ferroelectric properties at nanometer scale. Furthermore, the basic understanding of the interaction of ferroelectrics with electrons in the transmission electro...

Electron Holography: Recent Developments

With the ever increasing speed of modern computers, computing-power hungry applications as electron holography can become more interactive and user friendly and be available for live-time application. New phase unwrapping algorithms and improved reconstruction techniques are discussed together with new approaches to improve the signal/noise ratio in reconstructed phase and amplitude images. Whi...

Multiple-wavelength neutron holography with pulsed neutrons

Local structures around impurities in solids provide important information for understanding the mechanisms of material functions, because most of them are controlled by dopants. For this purpose, the x-ray absorption fine structure method, which provides radial distribution functions around specific elements, is most widely used. However, a similar method using neutron techniques has not yet b...

Holography and transmission electron microscopy

The basic principles and methods of off-axis electron holography are presented and illustrated by means of three examples related to its application in high resolution electron microscopy and the investigation of electric and magnetic fields in thin specimens.